Glossary

  • abhyāṅga

    Ayurvedika oil massage.
  • adhikāraṇa

    Literal: ground or support. The word is generally used in the sense of a base, ground or support. For instance, in the phrase: ‘This is a blue lotus with a sweet smell,’ the lotus flower forms the ‘adhikaraṇa’ for the blue color and the sweet smell. The place where an action is performed by an agent or the locus of an object.
  • agni

    • Literal: Physical fire (hearth, sacrificial fire, digestive fire).
    • Vaidika/Purāṇika: Agni is a major Lesser God—messenger between humans and gods, acceptor of offerings in yajña, and one of the three sacred fires (with Vāyu, Sūrya).
    • Āyurveda: agni denotes digestive/metabolic fire (jatharāgni and tissue agnis) that transforms food into tissues and energy; proper agni is essential for health.
    • Symbolic/ritual: represents purification, illumination, and sacrificial transformation (offering to Agni conveys gifts to deities).
  • antaḥkaraṇa

    Soul, Psyche, Mind-field or Inner instruments. These are psychological and intellectual faculties which consist of 4 components: 1. Manas - Mind: Mediates sense-data, attention, doubt and coordination of the senses (lower thinking/processing). 2. Buddhi - Intellect faculty: Decision, discrimination, judgment and determination. 3. Ahaṅkāra - False ego: Sense of “I”, : sense of “I” and ownership, self‑identification. 4. Citta - Memory & Subconscious Mind:  Storehouse of impressions (saṃskāras), memory and emotive colouring (in some texts citta is treated as part of buddhi or as an additional aspect). Literal: antaḥ = inner; karaṇa = instrument/agent.
  • aṣṭottaraśata

    Literally: Eight plus one hundred (i.e., 108).